The Biggest Hoaxes in Human History
“There’s a sucker born every minute” David Hannum (in Reference to P.T Barnum’s Customers)
1. The Cardiff Giant
What was the Cardiff Giant?
The Cardiff Giant was one of the most famous hoaxes in the history of the United States. Essentially it was a 10 foot petrified man that was purported to have been unearthed from the soil of the town of Cardiff New York.
Who did it?
The giant was the creation of a New York tobacconist named George Hull.
Why did he create this hoax?
While visiting one of his rock quarries, hull noticed a piece of stone that looked like it had human veins running through it. At this point he thought to himself “I bet if I carved up that stone to look like a human giant I could get the last laugh on those Methodists” (Hull, an atheist, decided to create the giant after an argument at a Methodist revival meeting about the passage in Genesis 6:4 stating that there were giants who once lived on Earth)
Hull then instructed some workers to cut a giant slab from the veined stone, which he later shipped to Chicago where he had hired a stone cutter named Edward Burghardt to carve this biblical giant. (Burghardt was unaware that he was carving a statute for a hoax). Once finished, he had some trusted allies bury the giant underground where it would lay in wait for one year.
Around a year later, some fossils were found nearby, and Hull used this discovery to spring his hoax into action.
Ordering to workers to dig a well where the giant was buried, two laborers made what they thought would be the discovery of a lifetime! Rushing to tell the whole town, word spread fast and eventually had people showing up from all over the country to look at (and pay admission for) the stone giant from biblical times.
Scientists and experts came to the conclusion that it was either a true fossilized human giant or an authentic ancient statue. Nobody, said it was a hoax.
P.T. Barnum, noticed all the commotion and attempted to buy the statue to show in his museum. When the price came back as $50,000 (Hull had sold 2/3rds of the statue to a banker named David Hannum) Barnum decided it was easier to create his own fake statue.
He then declared that Hannum sold him the original and that the one in Cardiff was just a fake. After this news, thousands flocked to Barnum’s exhibit to which David Hannum was quoted as saying “There’s a sucker born every minute” …… (He still believed his statue to be real)
2. The Lying Stones
What were the lying stones?
The lying stones were limestone that had been carved into the shapes of lizards, frogs, spiders, and other animals. The stones also had in them the carved name of God in Latin, Arabic, and Hebrew characters.
Who Discovered them?
Professor Johann Bartholomeus Adam Beringer (ca 1667 – 1738) of the faculty of medicine at the university of Wurzburg.
Who Created this Hoax?
Hoaxers by the name of J. Ignatz Roderick (ex Jesuit) and professor of geography and mathematics, and Johann Georg von Eckhart.
Why did they do it?
They didn’t like him. They felt that Beringer was arrogant and needed a “comeuppance”
Essentially, they hid the stones on Mount Eibelstadt (a place where Beringer frequently went to search for fossils.)
The stones included “lizards in their skin, birds with beaks and eyes, spiders with their webs, and frogs copulating.” Other stones lain there bore the Hebrew letters YHVH, for Jehovah, or God.
When Beringer found them He believed them to be natural products of the “plastic power” of the inorganic world.
When critics pointed out that there was evidence of chisel marks, Beringer became convinced that they were the chisel marks of God. In fact nobody could convince him otherwise, not even the hoaxers.
The hoaxers had been putting more and more crazy rocks on the mountain for him to find, at first finding the whole thing amusing. However, the whole hoax started to get out of hand and they tried to convince him that maybe “someone else” was playing a hoax on him.
Beringer decided that they were just trying to discredit his great discovery, and brought them to court to “save his honor”
Unfortunately when he did this, they confessed the whole story. The careers of all three men were ruined.
When asked why they played such a hoax, they replied:
“he was so arrogant and despised us all.”
3. The Tasaday Tribe
What The Heck Was The Tasaday Tribe?
The Tasaday Tribe were a bunch of people forced to pretend that they were an ancient cave dwelling tribe.
Who Created this Hoax?
Manual Elizalde, head of PANAMIN (the Philippine government agency nonstock, nonprofit organization created to protect the interests of Philippine cultural minorities.)
Elizalde had all sorts of press and was able to get a picture of a Tasaday boy climbing vines to appear on the August 1972 edition of National Geographic He also got a National Geographic documentary named “The Last Tribes of Mindanao” created for the Tasaday.
Why Did he put on this Hoax?
Probably To steal money. He cleaned out millions from the Tasaday fund when he fled the country.
The Tasaday people were interviewed later on ABC’s show 20/20 and confessed that they were bribed with cigarettes, clothing, food and more to play along in Elizalde’s game.
4. The Great Moon Hoax
What was the Great Moon Hoax?
The Great Moon Hoax refers to a six article series put out by the New York Sun on August 25, 1835.
The articles went into great detail of crazy “non” mythical animals on the Moon, including bison, goats, unicorns, bipedal tail-less beavers and Batman.
(Okay they were actually bat-winged humanoids (“Vespertilio-homo”) who built temples on the moon, not bat caves, but close enough.
All These discoveries were supposedly made with “an immense telescope of an entirely new principle”.
Of course when someone came to see this telescope, the hoaxers said it was so powerful that the sun turned the telescope into a giant “Burning Glass” that burned down the observatory, all the evidence, and vaporized the telescope.
Who perpetrated this hoax?
Authorship of the article has been attributed to Richard A. Locke, a Cambridge-educated reporter who, in August 1835, was working for the New York Sun.
Why did he do it?
Assuming that Richard A. Locke was the author, his intentions were probably, first, to create a sensational story which would increase sales of the New York Sun, and, second, to ridicule some of the more extravagant astronomical theories that had recently been published.
Its also possible that he took a hallucinogenic drug in the observatory and imagined the whole thing before burning it down himself.
5. War of The Worlds
What was the War of the Worlds Hoax?
The War of the Worlds was an American radio drama directed by Orson Welles, who adapted the H.G. Wells story titled “The War of the Worlds”
Presented as an actual news story, many listeners began to believe that Martians were in fact invading the U.S.A. Some listeners were seen fleeing in panic, thinking they could smell poison gas or see flashes of lightning in the distance.
It was said at the time that 1.7 million people believed the broadcast to be genuine, and out of those 1.2 million were genuinely frightened.
However, these numbers were later said to be inflated by newspaper companies who felt that radio threatened their position as the number one “Press Medium”